Phenomenology.

Edmand Husserl laid the foundations of Phenoumenalogy that played a vital role in the later development of existentialism through the writings of Martin Heidegger.
Husserl wanted to laid down rock solid foundations for philosophy ,so he revived the Cartesian tradition.He was of the view that for each of us there is one thing which is indubitably certain and that is our own 'conscious awareness'.But unlike Descarte,Husserl didn't consider conciousness as something seperate from its object.As we analyse ,we will come to a conclusion that conciousness has to be concious of 'something',be it its own awareness or a table infront of us.It is very difficult for us to distinguish states of conciousness and objects of our conciousness.In otherwards conciousness is always directed to towards its obect.Husserl uses the word intentionality to describe this directedness.Regarding the existence of external objects ,Husserl maintained a very unique view.Skeptics down the ages have denied the existence of external objects,but Husserl was of the view that external objects indubitable exist as objects of our conciousness,however it is irrelevant what other charecteristics they may have or lack.